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Confusion with affixesWhen studying the Uzbek language, it is often confusing that some affixes that have completely different uses are written and pronounced the same way.
Let's analyze three such cases.
1. Affix –di.It is used in two cases: in the 3rd person of the present-future and in all three persons of the obvious past.
It must be remembered that in the present-future it is used only in the 3rd person, where it is preceded by the affix -a or –y.
Examples:U ikki soatdan keyin uyg'onadi – He will wake up in two hours
(Present-Future)U osmonga qaraydi – He looks at the sky
(Present-Future)Men buni xohlamadim – I Didn't Want That
(Definite Past)Siz uxladingiz – You were sleeping
(Definite Past)U hamma narsani ko'rdi – He saw everything
(Definite Past)In the Present Continuous –di turns into –ti:
Hozir yomg'ir yog'yapti – It's raining now.
2. Most of the confusion arises with the affixes -(i)ng, -(i)ngiz, -ning.There may be 4 reasons for their use.
The first is the imperative-subjunctive mood, the 2nd person, the polite form (-(i)ng) or the plural (-(i)ngiz).
The second is the possessive affix, the 2nd person, –(i)ng and -(i)ngiz.
The third is the personal ending (group II), the 2nd person, -di+ng or –di+ngiz.
The fourth is the affix of possessive case -ning.
Examples:Uyga qayting – Come back home
(imperative, polite form)Uyga qaytingiz – Come back home
(imperative, plural or very polite form)Siz qachon keldingiz? – When did you come?
(past tense, that is –di + affix of group II)sening ko'zing – your eye
(affix of possessive case and possessive affix)sizning chelakingiz – your bucket
(affix of possessive case and possessive affix)bolangiz – your child
(possessive affix)uning bolasi – his child
(affix of possessive case)3. Affix -siz.It can be either the personal ending (group I) of the 2nd person plural, or the affix of negation.
Examples:Siz hozir va kelajak haqida o'ylayapsiz – You are thinking about the present and the future
U bolasiz – He is childless.
4. Affix -miz.This is either an affix of belonging, or a personal ending (group I) of the 1st person of the plural.
Examples:Ertaga biz daryoga boramiz – Tomorrow we will go to the river
Bolamiz bilan kim o'ynayapti? – Who is playing with our child?
We will use the terms: "the personal ending of group I" is like, for example, in the Present-Future tense; "personal ending of group II" - as in the Definite Past tense.
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